高中化学创新实验课程的设计与实施*

将学生所学的化学理论知识与生活实际和学科最前沿的研究热点相结合,开发并实施了 “氢氧化镁纳米材料的制备及其在处理重金属废水中的应用” 创新实验课程。该课程通过文献调研、方案设计、实验操作、结果与讨论以及论文撰写等环节,激发学生的创新潜能,系统培养学生的创新综合素质和责任意识,这有助于更好地达成化学学科核心素养。     

Copper(I) oxide nanoparticles supported on magnetic casein as a bio‐supported and magnetically recoverable catalyst for aqueous click chemistry synthesis of 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles

Copper(I) oxide nanoparticles supported on magnetic casein (Cu₂O/Casein@Fe₃O₄NPs) has been synthesized as a bio‐supported catalyst and was characterized using powder X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X‐ray and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, thermogravimetric analysis and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The catalytic activity of the synthesized catalyst was investigated in one‐pot three‐component reactions of alkyl halides, sodium azide and alkynes to prepare 1,4‐disubstituted 1,2,3‐triazoles with high yields in water. The reaction work‐up is simple and the catalyst can be magnetically separated from the reaction medium and reused in subsequent reactions.     

Polymerization and Copolymerization of Some Monomers as Adducts with β-Cyclodextrin

The feasibility of chemical bond formation, especially in the chain-transfer reaction between polymer and β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) molecules in the products of the radiation polymerization of β-CD with vinylidene chloride (VDC) its adducts has been considered. The lack of these bonds in the polymerization products of similar β-CD adducts with methyl methacrylate (MM), styrene (St), a mixture of VDC and allyl chloride (AC) and a mixture of VDC and MM (10:90 molar ratio) has been established. On the basis of the results obtained the lack of chemical bonds in the polymerization product of β-CD· VDC adduct is suggested.     

Anticancer Activity of Hydrogen‐Bond‐Stabilized Half‐Sandwich RuII Complexes with Heterocycles

Neutral half‐sandwich organometallic ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [(η⁶‐cymene)RuCl₂(L)] ( H1 – H10 ), where L represents a heterocyclic ligand, have been synthesized and characterized spectroscopically. The structures of five complexes were also established by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction confirming a piano‐stool geometry with η⁶ coordination of the arene ligand. Hydrogen bonding between the N? H group of the heterocycle and a chlorine atom attached to Ru stabilizes the metal–ligand interaction. Complexes coordinated to a mercaptobenzothiazole framework ( H1 ) or mercaptobenzoxazole ( H6 ) showed high cytotoxicity against several cancer cells but not against normal cells. In vitro studies have shown that the inhibition of cancer cell growth involves primarily G1‐phase arrest as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The complexes are found to bind DNA in a non‐intercalative fashion and cause unwinding of plasmid DNA in a cell‐free medium. Surprisingly, the cytotoxic complexes H1 and H6 differ in their interaction with DNA, as observed by biophysical studies, they either cause a biphasic melting of the DNA or the inhibition of topoisomerase IIα activity, respectively. Substitution of the aromatic ring of the heterocycle or adding a second hydrogen‐bond donor on the heterocycle reduces the cytotoxicity.     

Measuring grain rotation at the nanoscale

In this paper, we introduced a method to measure grain rotation of nanomaterials under external stress using a high pressure diamond anvil cell and the Laue microdiffraction technique at a synchrotron facility. We used tungsten carbide marker crystals to investigate grain rotation activities of 3 and 500?nm nickel media. Our results show that the grain rotation of 3 and 500?nm nickel nanocrystals increase with pressure and finally rotation of 500?nm nickel tends to stop at a lower pressure/stress level than 3?nm nickel. 3?nm nickel nanocrystals show a higher rotation magnitude than 500?nm nickel nanocrystals. Our measurements show an effective method to study the grain rotation of nanomaterials especially in ultrafine nanocrystals.     

Small‐Peptide‐Based Organogel Kit: Towards the Development of Multicomponent Self‐Sorting Organogels

The results presented here highlight the extremely useful nature of ultra‐short peptides as building blocks in the development of smart multicomponent supramolecular devices. A facile bottom‐up strategy for the synthesis of a small library of stimuli‐responsive smart organogelators has been proposed based on the predictive self‐assembly of ultra‐short peptides. More importantly, the narcissistic self‐sorting of the gelators has been evaluated as a simple method for the efficient co‐assembly of a donor–acceptor dual‐component gel, allowing the investigation of possible future applications of similar systems in the development of a supramolecular photo‐conversion device. Interestingly, it was observed that the self‐organization of the components can lead to highly ordered systems in which discrimination between compatible and non‐compatible building blocks directs the effective organization of the chromophores and gives rise to the formation of an excited‐state complex with exciplex‐like emission. The current report may prove important in the development of organogel‐based multicomponent smart devices.